Biography of Thyagaraja (1767-1847)
“Sri Thyagaraja was born on 4th May 1767. He belonged to Bharadwaja gotra and Kakarla Vamsha. His great grandfather Panchanadabrahmam had 5 sons, one of whom was Girirajabrahmam. Girirajabrahmam also had five sons. The fifth one was Ramabrahmam, who had three sons. The eldest was Panchapakesan, named after the presiding deity at Tiruvaiyyaru. Second son was Ramanthan. He died very young. Thyagaraja was the third son and was born in Tiruvarur. It is said that before his birth, both his parents had an identical dream about a son being born who would be an amsha of Narada, Valmiki and Sharada and who would go on to become an expert in sangItam and sAhitya. They also were told in the dream that they should name him after the deity of Tiruvarur i.e., Thyagaraja. It is said that a serious ailment struck Thyagaraja when he was five. At that time a sanyasi visited them and assured his parents of his recovery and of his becoming as famous as Purandaradasa and Jayadeva.
Thyagaraja is said to have studied Telugu and Sanskrit from his father and Purandaradasa and Vijayagopala songs from his mother. His maternal grandfather was Veena Kalahasti Iyer, a samasthana vidwan at Tanjore court. Sri Thyagaraja learnt classical music and veena from Sonti Venkataramana Das. Tulaja II invited Ramabrahmam to give exposition on Valmiki Ramayanam during the Ramanavami festival. Young Thyagaraja used to read the shlokas from Valmiki Ramayanam while his father used to give the exposition. Thus Thyagaraja imbibed all that was being narrated by his father about Valmiki Ramayanam at a very young age itself.
Sri Ramakrishnananda, a friend of Thyagaraja’s father, gave him updaesha on the shaDAkshari mantra. (Dr. Prameela said that after wondering what could be the shaDAkshari mantra, it dawned on her that it should have been “namO rAghavAya“. Sri Thyagaraja had composed his first song “namO namO rAghavAya” in dEsya tODi using this shaDAkshari mantra). Thyagaraja received the tAraka mantra upadEsha from his father. He also got an idol of Lord Rama from his father, which he worshipped daily.
Sri Thyagaraja never had Shiva-Vaishnava bheda. He coined the name rAmA by taking ra from Om namO nArAyaNA and mA from oM nama shivAya (in the kriti evaranid EvAmrutavarshani). Though his Isa Ta Devata was Lord Rama, he has mentioned Lord Shiva in many of his kritis.
If one has to know Thyagaraja, one has to go deep into his compositions. One can understand his personality and his mind by reading the text of the songs and understanding their meaning.
Sri Thyagaraja was a trend setter in the use of simple words for his compositions, which is probably why we compare his compositions to “drAkSa rasa” – we can immediately feel the taste, the moment we put a drAkSa (grape) in our mouth.
The Svararnava
Thyaaraja is believed to have had access to many works on music very early in his life, such as Sangita Ratnakara, Naradiyam, a work dealing with 72 mELAs and Svararnava. It is said that one day when Sri Thyagaraja was doing some puja in his house, a saint came by. Thyagaraja wanted to give him a sumptuous lunch. The saint said he will leave his belongings at Thyagaraja’s house and go to the Cauvery to have a bath. The saint never returned in person but came that night in Thyagaraja’s dream as the sage Narada, instructing Thyagaraja to open the belongings left behind and use the rare manuscripts present inside. This was how Sri Thyagaraja came to possess important works like the Svararnava.
Thyagaraja refers to the Svararnava saying Shiva, the Lord of Kailash, narrated the secrets of Svararnava to Devi Parvati and that these were revealed to Thyagaraja. In one of the caraNams in svara rAga sudhA (shankarAbharaNam), he says “rajata girIshuDu nagajaku delpu svararnava marmamulu vijayamu gala tyAgarAjuDErugE vishvAsinci delusukO O manasa“. The Svararnava is said to have vanished after Thyagaraja attained siddhi.
Svararnava is said to have been a broad palm leaf manuscript written in grantha characters. It is said that Thyagaraja got Svararnava through divine association. Thyagaraja preserved it in his puja room and only he had access to it. Occasionally, he read certain portions from it to some of his close disciples, who memorized some shlokAs of the Svararnava. It is said that one of his students named Singaracharyulu published some of these shlOkAs in his book Gayakalochana, without disclosing the source. A section of Svararnava was titled Svara Raga Sudha Grantha. May be Thyagaraja got inspired by this and composed the shankarAbharaNam kriti “svara raga sudha“.
Svararnava also contained concepts like the production of Ahata (sound produced by human effort) and anAhata (sound emanating from within; can be heard only by those who have attained a high state of the mind through sAdhanA) nAdams. In many of his compositions, Thyagaraja gives references to the 7 notes and to how different sounds are produced in different parts of the body. In a section called rAga vivEkA, one finds ragas like jayantashrI, kuntalavarALi, sArangakApi, mAlini makarandam etc. In addition to arOhaNaavarOhaNa, brief sancaras were given for many ragas. These ragas were presented in the order of the melas."
List of Kirthanas:
His kritis, raga and in which tala is given,
Ada Modi Galada,Charukesi,Adi
Adaya Sri Raghuvara,Ahiri,Ad
Adi Kadu Bhajana,Yadukalakambhoji,Adi
Adigi Sukhamu,Madhyamavati,Rupaka
Adugu Varamula,Arabhi,Chapu
Alakalalla Lada,Madhyamavati,Rupaka
Amba Ninnu,Arabhi,Adi
Amma Dharma Samvardhani,Atana,Adi
Amma Ravamma,Kalyani,Jhampa
Ananda Sagara,Garudadhvani,Adi
Anandamanandamayenu,Bhairavi,Adi
Anathudanu Ganu,Jingla,Adi
Andundakane,Pantuvarali,Triputa
Anupama Gunambudhi,Atana,Jhampa
Anuragamu Leni,Saraswati,Rupaka
Anyayamu Seyakura,Kapi,Adi
Aparadhamula,Darbar,Jhampa
Aparadhamulanu,Vanavali,Adi
Appa Ramabhakti,Pantuvarali,Rupaka
Aragimpave,Todi,Rupaka
Atade Dhanyudura,Kapi,Chapu
Atta Balukadu,Atana,Adi
Atukaradani Palka,Manoranjani,Adi
Badalika Dira,Ritigowla,Adi
Bagayanayya,Chandrajyoti,Adi
Balamu Kulamu,Saveri,Rupaka
Bale Balendu Bhushani,Ritigowla,Adi
Bhajana Parula Kela,Surati,Rupaka
Bhajana Seya Rada,Atana,Rupaka
Bhajana Seyave,Kalyani,Rupaka
Bhajare Raghuveeram,Kalyani,Adi
Bhakti Biccha Miyyave,Sankarabharanam,Rupaka
Bhaktuni Charitramu,Begada,Adi
Bhavanuta,Mohanam,Adi
Bhavasannutha,Varali,Adi
Bhuvini Dasudane,Sri Ranjani,Adi
Brochuvarevare,Sri Ranjani,Adi
Brovabharama,Bahudari,Adi
Buddhi Radu,Sankarabharanam,Chapu
Chakkani Rajamargamu,Kharaharapriya,Adi
Chala Kallaladu,Arabhi,Adi
Chalamelara,Margahindolam,Adi
Challaga Nato,Vegavahini,Adi
Chani Toditeve,Harikambhoji,Adi
Chede Buddhi,Atana,Adi
Chelimini Jalajakshu,Yadukulakambhoji,Adi
Chentane Sada,Kuntalavarali,Adi
Chera Ravademira,Ritigowla,Adi
Chesinadella,Todi,Adi
Chetulara,Kharaharapriya,Adi
Chinna Nade Na,Kalanidhi,Adi
Chintistunnade,Mukhari,Adi
Chutamu Rare,Arabhi,Rupaka
Dachuko Valena,Todi,Jhampa
Dandamu Bettedanura,Balahamsa,Adi
Daridapuleka,Saveri,Adi
Darini Telusukonti,Suddhasaveri,Adi
Darsannamu Seya,Narayanagowla,Jhampa
Dasaratha Nandana,Asaveri,Adi
Dasarathi Ni Runamu,Todi,Adi
Daya Juchutakidi Velara,Ganavaridhi,Adi
Daya Rani Daya Rani,Mohanam,Adi
Daya Seyavayya,Yadukulakambhoji,Adi
Dayaleni Bradukemi,Nayaki,Jhampa
Dehi Tava Pada,Sahana,Adi
Deva Sritapastirtha,Madhyamavati,Triputa
Devadi Deva Sadasiva,Sindhunamakriya,Adi
Devi Sri Tulasamma,Mayamalava Gowla,Adi
Dharanu Ni Saridaivamu,Varali,Adi
Dharmatma,Kedara Gowla,Jhampa
Dhyaname Varamaina,Dhanyasi,Adi
Dinamani Vamsa,Harikambhoji,Adi
Dorakuna,Bilahari,Adi
Dudukugala,Gowla,Adi
Durmargachara,Ranjani,Rupaka
Dvaitamu Sukhama,Ritigowla,Adi
E Papamu,Atana,Triputa
E Ramuni Nammitino,Vakulabharanam,Triputa
E Tavunara,Kalyani,Adi
Edari Sancharintura,Kantamani,Adi
Edini Bahubala,Darbar,Adi
Eduta Nilichite,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Ehi Trijagadisa,Saranga,Chapu
Ela Deliyalero,Darbar,Chapu
Ela Nidaya,Atana,Adi
Elavataram,Mukhari,Adi
Emanatichchedavo,Sahana,Rupaka
Emani Mataditivo,Todi,Adi
Emani Pogadudura,Viravasantam,Adi
Emani Vegintune,Huseni,Adi
Emi Jesitenemi,Todi,Chapu
Emidova Balkuma,Saranga,Adi
Emineramu,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Emtanuchu,Yadukulakambhoji,Adi
Enati Nomu Phalamo,Bhairavi,Adi
Endaro Mahanubhavulu,Sri Ragam,Adi
Endu Kougalintura,Suddha Desi,Adi
Endudagi Nado,Todi,Chapu
Enduki Chalamu,Sankarabharanam,Triputa
Enduko Baga Teliyadu,Mohanam,Adi
Enduko Nimanasu,Kalyani,Adi
Enduku Dayaradura,Todi,Triputa
Enduku Nirdaya,Harikambhoji,Adi
Endundi Vedalitivo,Darbar,Triputa
Ennado Rakshinchite,Sowrashtra,Adi
Ennadu Jutuno,Kalavati,Adi
Ennaga Manasukurani,Nilambari,Adi
Ennallu Nitrova,Kapi,Chapu
Ennallu Urake,Pantuvarali,Chapu
Enta Bhagyamu,Saranga,Adi
Enta Vedukontu,Saraswati Manohari,Adi
Entamuddo,Bindumalini,Adi
Entani Ne,Mukhari,Rupaka
Entapapinaiti,Gowlipantu,Chapu
Entarani Tanakenta,Harikambhoji,Adi
Entha Nerchina Entha Juchina,Suddha Dhanyasi,Adi
Entuku Peddalavale,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Epaniko Janminchitinani,Asaveri,Adi
Etavuna Nerchitivo,Yadukulakambhoji,Adi
Eti Janmamidi,Varali,Chapu
Eti Yochanalu Jesetura,Kiranavali,Adi
Etla Dorakitivo,Vasanta,Adi
Etula Brotuvo,Chakravakam,Triputa
Etula Gapaduduvo,Ahiri,Triputa
Etulaina Bhakti,Sama,Chapu
Evaramadugudura,Kalyani,Rupaka
Evarani Nirnayimchirira,Devamritavarshini,Adi
Evarichchirira,Madhyamavati,Adi
Evariena Lera,Siddhasena,Adi
Evarikai Avataram,Devamanohari,Chapu
Evarimata,Kambhoji,Adi
Evarito Nedelpudu,Manavati,Adi
Evaru Teliya Boyyeru,Todi,Rupaka
Evaru Teliyanu,Punnagavarali,Chapu
Evarura Ninuvina,Mohanam,Chapu
Evidhamulanaina,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Evvare Ramayya,Gangeyabhushani,Adi
Garavimpa Rada,Ghanta,Rupaka
Gati Nivani,Todi,Adi
Gattiganu Nanu Chai,Begada,Rupaka
Giripai Nelakonna,Sahana,Adi
Giriraja Suta,Bangala,Adi
Gitarthamu,Surati,Adi
Grahabalamemi,Revagupti,Adi
Guruleka,Gowri Manohari,Jhampa
Hari Yanuvani,Todi,Adi
Haridasulu Vedalu,Yamuna Kalyani,Adi
Hechcharikaga,Yadukulakambhoji,Jhampa
I Vasudha,Sahana,Adi
Ide Bhagyamu,Kannada,Triputa
Idi Samayamura,Chaya Nata,Adi
Idiniku Mera Gadura,Punnagavarali,Adi
Ika Gavalasina Demi,Balahamsa,Adi
Ilalo Pranatarti,Atana,Adi
Imemenu Galginanduku,Varali,Adi
Induka Buttinchitivi,Bhairavi,Adi
Induka Ithanuvunu,Mukhari,Chapu
Inka Daya Rakunte,Narayanagowla,Adi
Inka Yochana Aite,Ghanta,Adi
Innalla Vale,Desya Todi,Chapu
Innallu Nanneli,Ghanta,Triputa
Innalu,Narayana Gowla,Chapu
Inta Bhagayamani Nirnayimpa,Punnagavarali,Chapu
Inta Soukhyamani,Kapi,Adi
Inta Tamasamaite,Saveri,Chapu
Intakanna Delpatarama,Saveri,Chapu
Intakanna Yanandamemi,Bilahari,Rupaka
Intanuchu Varnimpa,Gundakriya,Adi
Isa Pahi Mam,Kalyani,Rupaka
Itara Daivamula,Chayatarangini,Rupaka
Ivaraku Juchinati,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Jaya Jaya Sri Raghurama,Gowri,Adi
Je Je Sita Ram,Saveri,Chapu
Jnana Mosagarada,Shadvidhamargini,Rupaka
Kadalu Vadu Gade,Narayanagowla,Adi
Kadanuvariki,Todi,Adi
Kadatera Rada,Todi,Adi
Kalaharana Mela,Suddhasaveri,Rupaka
Kalala Nerchina,Dipaka,Adi
Kaligi Yunte Gade,Kiravani,Adi
Kalinarulaku,Kuntalavarali,Adi
Kaluguna Pada Niraja,Purna Lalita,Adi
Kamalapta Kula,Brindavanasaranga,Adi
Kanakana Ruchira,Varali,Adi
Kanna Talli,Saveri,Adi
Kannatandri Napai,Devamanohari,Adi
Kanta Judumi,Latangi,Adi
Kanugona Soukhyamu,Nayaki,Rupaka
Kanugontini,Bilahari,Adi
Karmame Balavantamaya,Saveri,Chapu
Karubaru Seyuvaru,Mukhari,Adi
Karuna Elagante,Varali,Adi
Karuna Judavamma,Todi,Adi
Karuna Judumayya,Saranga,Adi
Karuna Samudra,Devagandhari,Adi
Karunajaladhe,Nathanamakriya,Adi
Karunajaladhi,Kedara Gowla,Chapu
Karunarasakshaya,Ghanta,Jhampa
Karuvelpulu,Kalyani,Adi
Kasicchede,Gowlipantu,Adi
Kattu Jesinavu,Atana,Adi
Koluvai,Bhairavi,Adi
Koluvaiyunnade,Devagandhari,Adi
Koluvamare Gada,Todi,Adi
Koniyadedu Nayeda,Kokiladhwani,Adi
Kori Sevimparare,Kharaharapriya,Adi
Korivachchitinayya,Bilahari,Adi
Kotinadulu,Todi,Adi
Kripa Juchutaku,Chayatarangini,Adi
Kshinamai Tiruga,Mukhari,Adi
Kshirasagara,Devagandhari,Adi
Kulabirudu,Devamanohari,Rupaka
Kuvalaya Dala Nayana,Natakuranji,Adi
Lakshanamulu Gala,Suddhasaveri,Adi
Lali Lalayya,Kedara Gowla,Jhampa
Lali Lali Yani,Harikambhoji,Adi
Lali Yugave,Nilambari,Rupaka
Lalite Sri Pravriddhe,Bhairavi,Adi
Lavanya Rama,Rudrapriya,Rupaka
Lekana Ninnu,Asaveri,Adi
Lilaganu Juchu,Divyamani,Adi
Lokavana Chatura,Begada,Adi
Ma Janaki,Kambhoji,Adi
Madilona Yochana,Kolahalam,Adi
Mahita Pravriddha,Kambhoji,Chapu
Makelara Vicharamu,Ravichandrika,Adi
Mamava Raghurama,Saranga,Rupaka
Mamava Satatam,Jaganmohani,Adi
Manamu Leda,Amir Kalyani,Adi
Manasa Etulortune,Malaya Marutam,Rupaka
Manasa Mana Samarthya,Vardhani,Rupaka
Manasa Sri Ramachandruni,Isamanohari,Adi
Manasa Sri Ramuni Dayaleka,Mararanjani,Adi
Manasu Nilpa Sakti,Abhogi,Adi
Manasu Svadhinamaina,Sankarabharanam,Rupaka
Manasu Vishaya Nata,Natakuranji,Adi
Manasuloni Marmamu,Hindolam,Adi
Manavi Nalagincha,Nalinakanthi,Adi
Manavini Vinuma,Jaya Narayani,Adi
Mapala Velasi,Asaveri,Adi
Marachuvadana,Kedara,Adi
Marakata Manivarna,Varali,Adi
Maravakara,Devagandhari,Adi
Mari Mari Ninne,Kambhoji,Adi
Mariyada Gadayya,Bhairavam,Adi
Mariyada Gadura,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Marubalka Kunnavemira,Sri Ranjani,Adi
Marugelara,Jayantasri,Adi
Matadavemi,Nilambari,Adi
Mati Matiki Delpavalena,Mohanam,Chapu
Melu Melu,Sowrashtra,Adi
Meluko Dayanidhi,Sowrashtra,Rupaka
Melukovayya,Bhouli,Jhampa
Menu Joochi Mosa,Sarasangi,Adi
Meru Samana Dhira,Mayamalava Gowla,Adi
Mitri Bhagyame,Kharaharapriya,Adi
Mivalla Gunadosha,Kapi,Jhampa
Mohana Rama,Mohanam,Adi
Mokshamu Galada,Saramati,Adi
Mosaboku Vinaye,Gowlipantu,Adi
Muccata Brahmadulaku,Madhyamavati,Adi
Muddu Momu,Suryakantam,Adi
Mummurtulu,Atana,Adi
Mundu Venuka,Darbar,Adi
Munnu Ravana,Todi,Jhampa
Munuppe Teliyaka,Bangala,Adi
Muripemu Galige Gada,Mukhari,Adi
Nada Loludai,Kalyana Vasantam,Rupaka
Nada Sudharasambilanu,Arabhi,Rupaka
Nadachi Nadachi,Kharaharapriya,Adi
Nadadinamata,Janaranjani,Chapu
Nadatanumanisam,Chittaranjini,Adi
Nadopasanache,Begada,Adi
Nadupai Balikeru,Madhyamavati,Jhampa
Nagumomu Galavani,Madhyamavati,Adi
Nagumomu Ganaleni,Abheri,Adi
Najivadhara,Bilahari,Adi
Nalina Lochana,Madhyamavati,Chapu
Nama Kusumamulache,Sri Ragam,Adi
Nammakane Mosapodu,Asaveri,Rupaka
Nammi Vachchina,Kalyani,Rupaka
Nammina Varini Marachedi,Bhairavi,Adi
Namoralakimpavemi,Devagandhari,Rupaka
Namoralanu Vini,Arabhi,Adi
Nannubrova,Abhogi,Adi
Nanu brovakanu,Sankarabharanam,Triputa
Nanu Palimpa,Mohanam,Adi
Napali Sri Rama,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Narada Ganalola,Atana,Rupaka
Naradaguruswami,Darbar,Adi
Narayana Hari,Yamuna Kalyani,Adi
Narsimha Nannu,Bilahari,Triputa
Natha Brovave,Bhairavi,Adi
Nati Mata Marachitivo,Devakriya,Adi
Nayeda Vanchana Seyakura,Nabhomani,Adi
Ne Morabettite,Rupavati,Triputa
Nee Daya Galgute,Ritigowla,Adi
Nenarunchera Napaini,Simhavahini,Adi
Nenarunchinanu,Malavi,Adi
Nenendu Vetukudura,Harikambhoji,Adi
Nepogadakunte,Desya Todi,Jhampa
Nerama Rama Rama,Sowrashtra,Adi
Ni Chittamu Na Bhagyamu,Vijayavasantam,Adi
Ni Chittamu Nischalamu,Dhanyasi,Chapu
Ni Dayache Rama,Yadukulakambhoji,Adi
Ni Muddu Momu,Kamala Manohari,Adi
Ni Namarupamulaku,Sowrashtra,Adi
Ni Vada Negana,Saranga,Jhampa
Ni Vera Kula Dhanamu,Begada,Chapu
Nibhajana Gana,Nayaki,Adi
Nidasanu Dasu,Amir Kalyani,Adi
Nidaya Rada,Vasanta Bhairavi,Rupaka
Nidayache Rama Nityanandu,Yadukulakambhoji,Adi
Nidayaya Ravalegaka,Todi,Adi
Nidhi Chala Sukhama,Kalyani,Chapu
Nijamarmamulanu,Umabharanam,Adi
Nijamuga Nimahimalu,Sahana,Adi
Nike Daya Raka,Nilambari,Triputa
Nike Teliyakapote,Anandabhairavi,Adi
Nikevari Bodhana,Suddhasaveri,Adi
Niku Tanaku,Begada,Triputa
Ninnada Nela,Kannada,Adi
Ninnanavalasina,Kalyani,Chapu
Ninne Bhajana,Natai,Adi
Ninne Nera Namminanu,Arabhi,Chapu
Ninne Nera Namminanura,Pantuvarali,Rupaka
Ninnubasi,Balahamsa,Adi
Ninnuvina Namadi Endu,Navarasa Kannada,Rupaka
Ninnuvina Sukhamugana,Todi,Rupaka
Nipada Pankajamule,Begada,Adi
Nityarupa Evari,Kapi,Rupaka
Nivanti Daivamu,Bhairavi,Adi
Nivanti Daivamu,Todi,Adi
Nive Nanneda Jesite,Sowrashtra,Chapu
Nivegani Nannu,Bilahari,Chapu
Nivu Brovavale,Saveri,Adi
Noaremi Sri Rama,Varali,Adi
Nrupalavala,Nadavarangini,Adi
Oh Jaganatha,Kedara Gowla,Adi
Oh Rajivaksha,Arabhi,Chapu
Oh Rama Oh Rama Omkaradhama,Arabhi,Adi
Oh Rama Rama,Naga Gandhari,Chapu
Oh Ramaramana,Kedara,Adi
Oh Ranga Sayi,Kambhoji,Adi
Okamata Yokabanamu,Harikambhoji,Rupaka
Okapari Judaga Rada,Kalavati,Adi
Orajupu,Kannadagowla,Adi
Orulanaduko,Suddhasaveri,Adi
Padavi Ni Sadbhaktiyu,Salaga Bhairavi,Adi
Pahi Kalyana Sundara,Punnagavarali,Chapu
Pahi Mam Hare,Sowrashtra,Rupaka
Pahi Mam Sri Ramachandra,Kapi,Jhampa
Pahi Paramatma,Varali,Adi
Pahi Rama Duta,Vasanta Varali,Rupaka
Pahi Rama Rama Yanuchu,Kharaharapriya,Thisra Laghu
Pahi Rama Ramana,Varali,Adi
Pahi Ramachandra Raghava,Yadukulakambhoji,Thisra Laghu
Pakkala Nilabadi,Kharaharapriya,Triputa
Palintuvo Palimpavo,Kantamani,Adi
Palukavemi Na Daivama,Purnachandrika,Adi
Palukavemi Patitapavana,Arabhi,Thisra Laghu
Paluku Kanda Chakkeranu,Navarasakannada,Adi
Paluku Kandachakkeranu,Navarasa Kannada,Adi
Para Loka Bhayamu,Mandari,Adi
Paraku Nikelara Rama,Kiranavali,Adi
Paraloka Sadhaname,Purvikalyani,Adi
Paramatmudu,Vagadhiswari,Adi
Parasakti Manuparada,Saveri,Adi
Paripalaya Paripalaya,Ritigowla,Adi
Paripurna Kama,Purvikalyani,Rupaka
Pariyachakama Mata,Vanaspati,Rupaka
Paruku Jesina,Jujahuli,Adi
Patiki Harati,Surati,Adi
Prananata Birana,Sulini,Adi
Prarabdhamittundaga,Swaravali,Jhampa
Proddupoyyenu,Todi,Chapu
Pula Panpu Mida,Ahiri,Thisra Laghu
Raga Ratna Malika,Ritigowla,Rupaka
Raghunandana Rajamohana,Suddha Desi,Adi
Raghunayaka,Hamsadhwani,Adi
Raghuvara Nannu,Pantuvarali,Adi
Raghuvira Randhira,Kharaharapriya,Rupaka
Rahi Kalyanarama,Kapi,Adi
Raju Vedale,Desya Todi,Rupaka
Raka Sasi Vadana,Takka,Adi
Raksha Bettare,Bhairavi,Adi
Rama Bana Trana,Saveri,Adi
Rama Daivama,Surati,Rupaka
Rama Eva Daivatam,Balahamsa,Rupaka
Rama Katha Sudha,Madhyamavati,Adi
Rama Kodanda Rama,Bhairavi,Adi
Rama Kodanda Rama Pahi,Kharaharapriya,Chapu
Rama Lobhamela,Darbar,Adi
Rama Namam Bhajare,Madhyamavati,Adi
Rama Ni Samana,Kharaharapriya,Rupaka
Rama Ni Vadu Konduvo,Kalyani,Adi
Rama Ninne Namminanu,Huseni,Adi
Rama Ninnu Vina,Sankarabharanam,Rupaka
Rama Ninu Namminanu,Mohanam,Adi
Rama Nipai Tanaku,Kedaram,Adi
Rama Nivegani,Narayani,Adi
Rama Niyeda Prema,Kharaharapriya,Adi
Rama Pahi Meghasyama,Kapi,Chapu
Rama Raghukula Jalanidhi,Kapi,Rupaka
Rama Rama Nivaramugama,Anandabhairavi,Adi
Rama Rama Rama,Mohanam,Chapu
Rama Rama Rama,Sahana,Chapu
Rama Rama Rama Napai,Kalyani,Chapu
Rama Rama Rama Sita,Huseni,Rupaka
Rama Rama Ramachandra,Ghanta,Jhampa
Rama Ramakrishna,Gowlipantu,Adi
Rama Ramana,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Rama Ramana,Vasanta Bhairavi,Adi
Rama Samayamu Brovara,Madhyamavati,Adi
Rama Sitarama,Balahamsa,Adi
Rama Sitarama,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Rama Sri Rama,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Ramabhakti Samrajyame,Suddha Bangala,Adi
Ramabhi Rama,Dhanyasi,Adi
Ramabhirama,Saveri,Jhampa
Ramabhirama Ramaniya Nama,Darbar,Chapu
Ramachandra Nidaya,Surati,Adi
Ramanannu Brovara,Harikambhoji,Rupaka
Raminchuvarevaru,Suposhini,Rupaka
Rara Nannelukora,Sowrashtra,Chapu
Rara Raghuvira,Atana,Adi
Rara Sita,Hindola Vasantam,Rupaka
Rukalu Padivelu,Desya Todi,Adi
Sadhinchene,Arabhi,Adi
Saketa Niketana,Kannada,Rupaka
Sakshi Ledanuchu,Bangala,Adi
Samayamu Delisi,Asaveri,Chapu
Samayamu Emarake,Kalgada,Adi
Sambho Mahadeva,Pantuvarali,Rupaka
Samiki Sari,Begada,Rupaka
Samsarulaite,Saveri,Adi
Samukhana Nilva,Kokilavarali,Adi
Sanatana Paramapavana,Phalamanjari,Adi
Sandehamunu,Ramapriya,Adi
Sangita Gnanamu,Dhanyasi,Adi
Sangita Sastra Gnanamu,Salaga Bhairavi,Adi
Santamu Leka,Sama,Adi
Saramegani,Pantuvarali,Chapu
Sarasa Sama Dana,Kapinarayani,Adi
Sarasara Samaraika,Kuntalavarali,Adi
Sarasiru Nayana,Bilahari,Chapu
Sarasiruhanana,Mukhari,Adi
Sari Vedalina,Asaveri,Adi
Sarijesi Veduka,Tivravahini,Adi
Sarivarilona,Bhinna Shadja,Adi
Sariyevvare Sri Janaki,Sri Ranjani,Adi
Sarvabhauma,Ragapanjaram,Adi
Sarvaloka Dayanidhe,Huseni,Thisra Laghu
Sarvantaryami,Bhairavi,Adi
Sasivadana Bhakta,Chandrajyoti,Adi
Sattaleni Dinamu,Naganandini,Adi
Siggumaali Navaledara,Kedara Gowla,Adi
Sita Kalyana Vaibhogame
Sita Manohara,Rama Manohari,Adi
Sita Nayaka,Ritigowla,Chapu
Sitamma Mayamma, Sri Ramudu Maaku Thandri, Vasantha, Rupaka
Sitapati,Khamas,Adi
Sitavara Sangita,Devagandhari,Adi
Siva Siva Siva Yanarada,Pantuvarali,Adi
Sive Pahimam Ambike,Kalyani,Adi
Smarane Sukhamu,Janaranjani,Adi
Sobhillu Saptasvara,Jaganmohini,Rupaka
Sogasu Juda Tarama,Kannadagowla,Adi
Sogasuga Mridanga,Sri Ranjani,Rupaka
Sri Ganapatini,Sowrashtra,Adi
Sri Janakatanaye,Kalakanti,Adi
Sri Janaki Manohari,Isamanohari,Adi
Sri Kanta Niyada,Bhavapriya,Adi
Sri Manini Manohara,Purnashadjam,Adi
Sri Narada Muni,Bhairavi,Adi
Sri Narada Nada,Kannada,Rupaka
Sri Raghuvara,Bhairavi,Adi
Sri Raghuvara,Bhairavi,Adi
Sri Rama Dasa Dasoham,Dhanyasi,Chapu
Sri Rama Jaya Rama,Varali,Chapu
Sri Rama Jayarama,Madhyamavati,Adi
Sri Rama Padama,Amritavahini,Adi
Sri Rama Raghurama,Yadukulakambhoji,Jhampa
Sri Rama Rama,Gopikavasantam,Adi
Sri Rama Rama,Purnachandrika,Jhampa
Sri Rama Rama,Saveri,Adi
Sri Rama Ramasritulamu Gama,Saveri,Chapu
Sri Rama Sri Rama Jayarama,Varali,Adi
Sri Rama Sri Rama Sri Manoharama,Sahana,Adi
Sri Ramachandra,Saveri,Adi
Sri Tulasamma Mayinta,Devagandhari,Adi
Sripapriya,Atana,Adi
Sripare Nipada,Nagaswaravali,Adi
Sudha Madhurya,Sindhuramakriya,Adi
Sugunamule,Chakravakam,Rupaka
Sukhi Yevaro,Kannada,Adi
Sundara Dasaratha,Kapi,Adi
Sundareswaruni,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Sundari Nannindarilo,Begada,Rupaka
Sundari Ni Divya,Kalyani,Adi
Sundari Ninu Varnimpa,Arabhi,Chapu
Swararagasudha,Sankarabharanam,Adi
Syama Sundara,Dhanyasi,Rupaka
Talachi Nantane,Mukhari,Adi
Tallidandrulu,Balahamsa,Adi
Tanalone Dhyaninchi,Devagandhari,Adi
Tanamidane,Bhushavali,Adi
Tanavari Tanamu,Begada,Adi
Tanayuni Brova,Bhairavi,Adi
Tappagane Vachchuna,Suddha Bangala,Rupaka
Tappi Bratiki,Todi,Rupaka
Tatva Meruga,Garudadhwani,Rupaka
Tava Dasoham,Punnagavarali,Adi
Telisi Ramachintanato,Purnachandrika,Adi
Tiruna Naloni Dugdha,Saveri,Jhampa
Toli Janmamu,Bilahari,Jhampa
Toli Nenu Jesina,Kokiladhwani,Adi
Toline Jesina Pujaphalamu,Suddha Bangala,Adi
Tulasi Bilwa,Kedara Gowla,Adi
Tulasi Dalamulache,Mayamalava Gowla,Rupaka
Tulasi Jagat Janani,Saveri,Rupaka
Undedi Ramudu Okadu,Harikambhoji,Rupaka
Upacharamu Jesevaru,Bhairavi,Rupaka
Upacharamulanu Chekonavayya,Bhairavi,Adi
Urake Galguna,Sahana,Chapu
Uyyala,Nilambari,Jhampa
Vachama Gocharame,Kaikavasi,Adi
Vachchunu Hari,Kalyani,Adi
Vaddanundunade,Varali,Chapu
Vadera Daivamu,Pantuvarali,Adi
Vallagadanaka,Sankarabharanam,Rupaka
Vandanamu Raghunandana,Sahana,Adi
Vara Narada,Vijaya Sri,Adi
Varadaraja,Swarabhushani,Rupaka
Varalandukommani,Ghurjari,Adi
Vararagalaya,Chenchukambhoji,Adi
Varasikhi Vahana,Supradipa,Adi
Varijanayana,Kedara Gowla,Adi
Venkatesa Ninu,Madhyamavati,Adi
Verevvare,Surati,Adi
Vidajaladura,Janaranjani,Adi
Vidamu Seyave,Kharaharapriya,Adi
Vidhi Sakradulaku,Yamuna Kalyani,Rupaka
Vidulaku,Mayamalava Gowla,Adi
Vinanasakoni,Pratapavarali,Adi
Vinarada,Devagandhari,Adi
Vinatasutavahana,Jayantasena,Adi
Vinave Omanasa,Vivardhani,Rupaka
Vinayakuni Valenu,Madhyamavati,Adi
Vinayamunanu,Sowrashtra,Chapu
Viraja Turaga,Balahamsa,Adi
Yemandune,Srimani,Adi
Yochana Kamala Lochana,Darbar,Adi
Yuktamugadu,Sri Ragam,Adi”
List of Vinta Ragas :
Vinta ragas (or vichitra ragas) are ragas Sri Thyagaraja has given us. There is no evidence of existence of these before Sri Thyagaraja’s times. Either he created them or he got a clue about them from Svararnava or raga lexicons like Vyasakatakam or Hanumathkatakam. There are about 82-83 such ragas:
ShrImaNi (EmandunE vicitramunu)
RasALi (aparAdhamula nOrva)
ShuddhasImantini (jAnakI ramaNa)
Vardhani (manasa mana)
KalakaNThi (shrI janaka tanayE)
SindhurAmakriyA (dEvAdi dEva & sudhA mAdhUrya)
JaganmOhini (shObillu saptasvara & mAmava satatam, which is in Sanskrit)
MalayamArutam (manasA eTulOrtunE)
BindumAlini (entamuddO)
Bhairavam (mariyAda gAdaiyya)
SupradIpam (varashikhi vAhana)
Cittaranjani (nAda tanumanisham)
PUrNalalitA (kalugunA pada)
KokilavarALi (samukhana nilva)
HindOLavasantA (rAra sItA ramaNI manOhara)
AmritavAhini (shrI rAma pAdamA)
AbhEri (nagumOmu ganalEni)
JayantashrI (marugElarA)
JingaLA (anAthuDanu gAnu)
Saramati (mOkSamu galadA)
KalAnidhi (cinna nADE nA)
KalyANavasantam (nAdalOluDai)
JayanArAyAni (manavini vinumA)
AbhOgi (manasu nilpa, nannu brOva etc)
MargahindOLam (calamElarA sAkEtarAmA)
JayantasEnA (vinatA suta vAhana)
Phalamanjari (sanAtanA parama pAvana)
DevakriyA (nATi mATa)
JayamanOhari (yajnAdulu sukhamanu)
PUrNashaDjam (lAvaNya rAmA)
DilIpakam (rAmA nIyeDa)
NAdatarangiNi (kripAlavAla)
ManOhari (paritApamu gani)
AndOlikA (rAga sudhArasa)
Manjari (paTTi viDuva)
DEvAmrutavarshini (evarani)
SuddhabangALa (rAma bhakti sAmrAjyam)
SvarabhUshani (varadarAja ninnu)
SiddhasEnA (evaraina lErA)
NaLinakAnti (manavi nAlaginca rAdaTE)
SimhavAhini (nenaruncarA)
RAgapanjaram (sArvabhauma sAkEta rAma)
AndALi (abhimAnamu lEdEmi)
Phalaranjani (shrI narasimha)
NArAyaNi (bhajana sEyu mArgamunu)
UmAbharaNam (nija marmamulanu)
KApinArAyaNi (sarasa sAma dAna)
KuntalavarALi (centanE sadA yuncukOvayyA, shara shara samaraika)
KOkiladhwani (koniyADEDu)
CencukAmbOji (vara rAga)
ChAyAtarangiNi (krupa jUcuTaku)
NavarasakannaDA (paluku kaNDa, ninnu vinA nAmadi)
PratApavarALi (vina nAshakoni)
BahudAri (brOva bhAramA)
KEsari (nannukanna talli)
RavicandrikA (niravadhi sukhada)
SaraswatImanOhari (enta vEDukondu)
NAgasvarAvaLi (shrIpatE nIpada)
SvarAvaLi (prArabdha miTTuNDaga)
KarnATakabehAg (nEnendu)
SupOshini (ramincu vArevarurA)
JUjAhULi (parAku jEsina)
Janaranjani (viDajAladurA, smaraNE sukhamu)
KOlAhalam (madilOna yOcana)
GaruDadhwani (tatvameruga taramA)
Vivardhani (vinavE O manasA)
BangALA (girirAja sutA)
GambhIravANi (sadAmadin dalatu)
ChhAyAnATa (idi samayamurA)
GAnavAridhi (daya jUcuTa)
CandrajyOti (shashi vadana, bAgAyanayya)
VijayashrI (vara nArada)
Dundubhi (lIlagAnu jUcu)
DIpakam (kaLala nErcina)
TIvravAhini (sarijEsi vEDuka)
JIvantini (nI cittamu)
Ranjani (durmArga carAdhamulanu)
Shrutiranjani (EdAri sancarinturA)
Kaikavasi (vAcAmagOcaramE)
HamsanAdham (baNTu rIti)
BhUshAvaLi (tanamIda nE)
Saraswati (anurAgamu lEni)
Even if we have the scale of a raga, it is not easy to compose songs that will stay on for generations. Sri Thyagaraja’s greatness lies in composing songs in all these ragas and making them immortal. He gives the special sancAram of a raga in the opening lines of many of the songs. Names like kuntalavarATi, pratApavarATi, cakravAki exist in earlier works but we do not have any evidence of their being similar to the corresponding ragas we know today. His compositions in vinta ragas created a stir in his days. Many of them are popular even today.
Vinta ragas are janya ragas. There are also mElakartA rAgAs in which Thyagaraja was arguably the first to compose, to show the melodic richness and possibilities and to give the raga itself an identity. Some examples are dhEnukA, vakuLAbharaNam, cakravAkam, sUryakAntam, jhankAradhvani, kIravANi, kharaharapriyA, gaurimanOhari, sarasAngi, vAgadIshwari etc.
Musicians of his time used to go to Thyagaraja’s place to listen to these songs. Thyagaraja’s disciples would sing these songs during practice sessions in the afternoon or in the morning unchavritti bhajans or the ekAdashi bhajans. His disciples need to be thanked for preserving these songs for posterity. They wrote the notations for the songs. Special mention must be made of Walajahpet Venkataramana Bhagavathar who used to rush home after learning a song and write it down.
Sri Thyagaraja himself gives the name “vinta rAgAs” to these rAgAs in his songs “mitri bhAgyamE” in kharaharapriyA and “muccaTa brahmAdulaku” in madhyamAvati. He says “vinta rAgamulanAlApamu sEyaga mEnu pulakarincaga” and “bhAgavatulu hari nAma kIrtanamu bAguga susvaramulatO vinta rAgamulanu AlApamu cEyu“. He doesn’t even ask us to sing his songs in vinta rAgAs but to just do Alapana in these.”
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